THE VAGARIES OF VAGUENESS: AN ESSAY ON “CULTURAL” VS. “INSTITUTIONAL” APPROACHES TO JAPANESE LAW

By Stephen Givens* PROLOGUE This essay grew out a presentation I gave, as one of several foreign legal academics working in Japan, on the theme “Key Words for Understanding Japanese Law.” Of course I recognized from the outset that reducing the essence of a legal system (or any other complex phenomenon) to a single “key word” would entail a loss of nuance. But I thought (and still think) the assigned theme was a fair and valuable one. After all, cartoons and caricatures can be illuminating.

Brazil’s New Anti-Corruption Law – Strict Liability!

No criminal charges, but strict liability, big fines, and liability for bribes of private companies as well as public officials. — Under the new rule, there are administrative and judicial sanctions. Fines are between 0.1 percent and 20 percent of a company’s gross revenue from the prior year. If gross revenue is not known, fines are between $3,000 and $30 million. The payment does not exempt a company from paying losses generated to the government as a consequence of its wrongdoings.

“GSK, Facing Bribery Claims, Battles to Build New Sales Model”

LONDON, April 17 (Reuters) – ”Drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline – hit by bribery claims in five countries – is to employ hundreds more doctors as members of staff as it seeks to build a new sales model designed to eliminate sharp marketing practices.

Following a decision to cut commercial ties with outside doctors, GSK expects to increase its in-house team of physicians by 10-20 percent over the next year or so from around 1,500 at present, Chief Medical Officer James Shannon told Reuters.